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Objective: To analyze the repetitive reporting of hepatitis B in Fujian province during 2016-2020, and provide evidence for the improvement of hepatitis B surveillance. Methods: The reporting cards from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were collected and divided into repetitive reporting cards and non-repetitive reporting cards from the report cards collected according to the valid ID number on the cards, and the proportion of repetitive report cards and related factors were analyzed by using software SAS 9.4. Results: A total of 314 551 hepatitis B reporting cards were submitted in Fujian from 2016 to 2020, in which 90.93% (286 020/314 551) were included in the analysis. The repetitive reporting cards accounted for 10.48% (29 982/286 020). The annual proportion of the repetitive reporting cards from 2016 to 2020 was between 2.98% and 3.71%, showing an overall increasing trend year by year (Z=2.26, P=0.024). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 1-5 years were 3.17%, 5.40%, 7.74%, 9.27% and 10.48%, respectively, showing an increase trend with year (Z=128.16, P<0.001). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 10 areas of Fujian ranged from 5.44% to 13.48% with significant difference (χ2=2 050.41, P<0.001) and increased with the increase of reported incidence of hepatitis B (Z=26.92, P<0.001). There were significant differences in relationships between repetitive reporting proportion and sex, age and type of the cases between the areas with high incidence and low incidence of hepatitis B. Conclusions: The reported incidence of hepatitis B was seriously affected by the repetitive reporting in Fujian from 2016 to 2020. A cross-year and cross-area surveillance mechanism for hepatitis B should be established and targeted measures should be taken to strengthen the control of the repetitive reporting and improve the surveillance for hepatitis B.
Subject(s)
Humans , China/epidemiology , Data Collection , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Incidence , SoftwareABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the efficacy of acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians plus moving cupping on neck and shoulder for migraine. Methods:A total of 64 migraine cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. Random number table method was used in allocation. Acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder were used for cases in the observation group, which contain acupuncture 5 times a week and cupping once a week. Oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules were used for cases in the control group, 10 mg for each dose, 1 dose a day. 2 weeks constitutes a course of treatment. The patients were treated for two courses of treatment in both groups. After that, the changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) were observed, as well as the clinical efficacy. Results:The total effective rate and recovery and marked effective rate in the observation group were 93.8% and 71.0% respectively, versus 78.1% and 43.8% in the control group, showing statistical significant differences (both P<0.05). There were significant decreases in VAS and MIDAS scores after treatments in both groups (both P<0.05). VAS and MIDAS scores in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Combining acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder can relieve headache and reduce influence of migraine on life. It can produce a better efficacy than oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules in treating migraine patients.
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Objective:To observe the efficacy of acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians plus moving cupping on neck and shoulder for migraine. Methods:A total of 64 migraine cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. Random number table method was used in allocation. Acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder were used for cases in the observation group, which contain acupuncture 5 times a week and cupping once a week. Oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules were used for cases in the control group, 10 mg for each dose, 1 dose a day. 2 weeks constitutes a course of treatment. The patients were treated for two courses of treatment in both groups. After that, the changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) were observed, as well as the clinical efficacy. Results:The total effective rate and recovery and marked effective rate in the observation group were 93.8% and 71.0% respectively, versus 78.1% and 43.8% in the control group, showing statistical significant differences (both P<0.05). There were significant decreases in VAS and MIDAS scores after treatments in both groups (both P<0.05). VAS and MIDAS scores in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Combining acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder can relieve headache and reduce influence of migraine on life. It can produce a better efficacy than oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules in treating migraine patients.
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This study was conducted to produce pectin-doxorubicin conjugate (PDC) nanosuspensions by high-pressure homogenization, and investigating the physico-chemical properties, the cumulative release rate in vitro and in vivo, and the anti-tumor activity. The major production parameters such as pressure, cycle numbers and types of stabilizers on the mean particle size and polydispersity index (PI) of PDC nanosuspensions were investigated. The cumulative release rate in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 5.1 or 7.0 were studied. The concentration of doxorubicin (DOX) in plasma of rabbit were recorded after intraperitoneal injection of PDC nanosuspensions (DOX was equivalent to 10mg·kg-1) or DOX (10mg·kg-1). We established an animal model of the nude mice with SKOV3 cell, and injected the PDC nanosuspensions (DOX was equivalent to 10, 5, 2.5 mg·kg-1) in the first day, and observed the growth state of nude mice. The particle size of PDC nanosuspensions was 118.8±6.93 nm, PI was 0.14±0.03, as well as the zeta potential was -27.2±0.36mV. It shows that no drug release was found in PBS at pH 7.4. About 40% cumulative release was determined in PBS at 5.1 after 30 h. The concentration of DOX in plasma of PDC group was 60 ng·mL-1, and was lower than that of DOX group. Compared with control group, high-dose-group decreased the weight of nude mice's ascites tumor and burrknot. PDC nanosuspensions can inhibit the growth of SKOV3 cell line in nude mice. In summary, PDC nanosuspensions are target-specific drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity in the ascites cancer model.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection on cholesterol metabolism in smooth muscle cells of the umbilical arteries and the related mechanisms. Methods: Vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated from umbilical arteries and were challenged with 1 MOI HCMV, and the intercellular content of cholesterol was determined. Cells treated with DMEM/F12 solution containing 3% fetal bovine serum were taken as mock infection controls. The differentially expressed genes were screened by cDNA microarray in each group, and the abnormally expressed genes associated with cholesterol metabolism were identified by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The intracellular content of cholesterol ([0.71±0.06] μmol/106 cells) was significantly higher in HCMV infection group at 72 h after infection compared with that in the control group (t = 7.950, P = 0.0002). cDNA microarray and fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expressions of HMG-CoA synthetase and HMG-CoA reductase were greatly up-regulated compared with those in the mock infection group 48 and 72 h after infection (P<0.01). Conclusion: Human cytomegalovirus infection can increase the synthesis of cholesterol through up-regulating cholesterol metabolism-associated genes in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to unbalancd cholesterol metabolism.